For example, the fiftieth-percentile male dummy represents the median sized male -- it is bigger than half the male population and smaller than the other half. This is the dummy most commonly used in crash testing. It weighs lbs 77 kg and is 70 inches 5 ft 10 inches or 1. Accelerometers These devices measure the acceleration in a particular direction. This data can be used to determine the probability of injury. Acceleration is the rate at which speed changes.
For example, if you bang your head into a brick wall, the speed of your head changes very quickly which can hurt! But, if you bang your head into a pillow, the speed of your head changes more slowly as the pillow crushes and it doesn't hurt! The crash-test dummy has accelerometers all over it. Inside the dummy's head, there is an accelerometer that measures the acceleration in all three directions fore-aft, up-down, left-right.
There are also accelerometers in the chest, pelvis, legs, feet and other parts of the body. A graph of the head acceleration during a crash test. The graph above shows the acceleration of the driver's head during a 35 mph Notice that it is not a steady value, but fluctuates up and down during the crash.
This reflects the way the head slows down during a crash, with the highest values coming when the head strikes hard objects or the airbag. Load Sensors Inside the dummy are load sensors that measure the amount of force on different body parts during a crash. The graph above shows the force in Newtons in the driver's femur the thigh bone , during a mph frontal crash. The maximum load in the bone can be used to determine the probability of it breaking.
Movement Sensors These sensors are used in the dummy's chest. They measure how much the chest deflects during a crash. The scan above shows the driver's chest deflection during a crash. In this particular crash, the driver's chest is compressed about 2 inches 46 mm. This injury would be painful, but probably not fatal. This is equivalent to a car moving at 35 mph hitting another car of comparable weight moving at 35 mph.
The sled's tires are angled. The test simulates a car that is crossing an intersection being sideswiped by a car running a red light. The sled actually moves at Video time: 2 min, 33 sec Crash Test Paint Before the crash-test dummies are placed in the vehicle, researchers apply paint to them. Different colors of paint are applied to the parts of the dummies' bodies most likely to hit during a crash.
The dummy's knees, face and areas of the skull are each painted with a different color. In the following photo, you can see that the blue paint from the dummy's face is smeared on the airbag and that his left knee painted red hit the steering column.
If researchers note a particularly large acceleration in the data from the accelerometers in the dummy driver's head, the paint marks in the car will indicate what part of the body hit what part of the vehicle inside the cabin. This information helps researchers develop improvements to prevent that type of injury in future crashes. Abstract Introduction Despite numerous studies reporting on the negative impacts of increased speeds on roadways, many states have steadily raised their posted speed limits.
Key Findings Overall, as the crash speed increased, the additional occupant compartment deformations and higher crash energy resulted in higher peak injury measures recorded by dummy sensors over the entire body region. Methodology Following the IIHS test protocol, the crash tests were set up and executed between October 28 and 30, The following summarizes details of the tests: Test type: Tests were conducted at a moderate overlap frontal impact crash mode.
This test setup simulates a head-on, partial-overlap crash between two vehicles of the same weight and size travelling at the same speed. Crash speed: Tests were conducted at three different impact speeds—40 mph for the baseline test Test 1 and 50 mph and All three had comparable specifications including manufacture date, vehicle mileage, and drive type.
Barrier type: Test vehicles were crashed into a barrier face that was fixed and composed of aluminum honeycomb materials. Crash test dummy type: This study used a Hybrid III 50 th percentile male dummy positioned in the driver seat to represent an average-sized male driver.
January 28, More on automotive safety. CR's Guide to Car Safety. At 40 mph, the vehicle's cabin remains intact after a crash. At The vehicle's structure did a better job protecting the driver in the lower-speed crash left. Keith Barry Despite my love for quirky, old European sedans like the Renault Medallion, it's my passion to help others find a safe, reliable car that still puts a smile on their face—even if they're stuck in traffic. Sharing is Nice. Such a narrow performance spectrum limited the usefulness of the ratings themselves.
The IIHS's more-demanding crash tests can better help to narrow down your car choices. As crash-test results show, side-impact air bags are an essential safety feature, and side air bags that protect the head and the chest are preferable to those that protect only the chest.
Ultimately, safety is active and passive, balancing the ability to avoid an accident and to survive one. In addition to air bags, belts, and structural integrity, studies have shown that electronic stability control ESC is another effective life-saving technology.
Starting with the model year, ESC became standard on all passenger vehicles. When shopping used, you need to be diligent to ensure the specific model you are considering is equipped with ESC. Get Ratings on the go and compare while you shop. Sign In. Become a Member. Remember Me. Forgot username or password?
Not a member? Need further assistance? Please call Member Services at Subscribers only Sign in or Subscribe now! Forgot password? Check this box if you wish to have a copy mailed to you. Front-crash results will weigh heaviest in the overall score. The mph full-frontal crash test uses a new 5th-percentile small adult female dummy instead of a 50th-percentile "male" dummy on the passenger side.
Additional measures for chest deflection, neck extension, and femur and foot injuries were added to the front-crash score. The side-impact crash includes data from the head, chest, abdomen, and pelvis, instead of just the chest.
The rear passenger is a 5th-percentile female dummy, instead of a 50th-percentile adult male, and include data from the head and pelvis. A sideways-into-pole test was added, using the small adult female dummy. Front crash NHTSA's front-crash test accelerates a car straight into a rigid barrier at 35 mph, with the entire width of a vehicle's front end hitting the barrier.
Side crash NHTSA's side-impact test represents a vehicle struck on the left side by a 3,pound car traveling at IIHS rear-impact evaluations Though common, not many rear-impact crashes are fatal.
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