The area turns red and is painful. The area blanches turns white when you press on it. The area may swell, but it is dry and there is no blistering. They usually take between 3 - 6 days to heal. These burns involve the epidermis which is the layer of skin you see -- the outermost layer of skin. It contains no blood vessels. It is composed of dead skin cells that were made at the bottom of this layer and have risen to the top. The epidermis layer is constantly making new skin, as well as a substance called melanin which gives your skin its color.
Second-degree burn injuries are seen as redness and blistering of the skin and can involve more or less pain depending on the level of nerve involvement. These burns may or may not cause scarring, but often do cause long-term skin color changes. Second-degree burn injuries involve the superficial dermis the layer of skin adjacent to the epidermis called the papillae region and may also involve the deep dermis layer thicker area under the papillae region known as the reticular region.
The dermis consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is tightly connected to the epidermis by a basement membrane. The following are brief descriptions of these classes: [1] The basis of burn classification is depth. When examining a burn , there are four components needed to assess depth: appearance, blanching to pressure , pain , and sensation. Burn injuries tend to be a dynamic process. Some burns, especially partial-thickness, may progress over 2 to 4 days, peaking at day 3.
A newer classification of " Superficial Thickness " , " Partial Thickness " which is divided into superficial and deep categories and " Full Thickness " relates more precisely to the epidermis , dermis and subcutaneous layers of skin and is used to guide treatment and predict outcome. Burns can also be assessed in terms of total body surface area TBSA , which is the percentage affected by partial thickness or full thickness burns superficial thickness burns are not counted.
The rule of nines is used as a quick and useful way to estimate the affected TBSA. Template:WikiDoc Sources. Classification The most common system of classifying burns categorizes them as first, second, or third-degree. These burns only involve the epidermis of the skin. Second-degree burns involve the superficial papillary dermis and may also involve the deep reticular dermis layer. So the pain associated with superficial partial-thickness is severe. Healing typically occurs within 3 weeks with minimal scarring.
It appears yellow or white, is dry, and does not blanch with pressure. There is minimal pain due to a decreased sensation. Healing occurs in 3 to 8 weeks with scarring present. Third-degree burns full thickness occur when most of the epidermis is lost with damage to underlying ligaments , tendons and muscle. Burn victims will exhibit charring of the skin , and sometimes hard eschars will be present.
An eschar is a scab that has separated from the unaffected part of the body. These types of burns are often considered painless, because nerve endings have been destroyed in the burned area. Hair follicles and sweat glands may also be lost due to complete destruction of the dermis. Third degree burns result in scarring and may be fatal if the affected area is significantly large. The burn site is red, painful, dry, and with no blisters. Mild sunburn is an example. Long-term tissue damage is rare and often consists of an increase or decrease in the skin color.
Second-degree partial thickness burns. Fourth-degree burns also go much deeper, affecting your muscle tissues, tendons, and nerves. It may even be white in color. You might see exposed bone and muscle tissue. This is because the damage extends to the nerves, which are responsible for sending pain signals to your brain. A fourth-degree burn is considered a medical emergency.
If you or a loved one has this type of a severe burn, call right away. Emergency responders will take you to a hospital with a burn unit in its emergency room. The precise treatment for your fourth-degree burn will depend on the extent of the damage to your body, as well as your overall health. While waiting for an ambulance to arrive, you can help a burn victim by:. As you wait for emergency medical attention, make sure you:.
Once you get to the burn unit, the doctor may take a variety of approaches to treatment. Much of your treatment depends on how much of your bones, muscles, and nerves are affected, as well as the location of the burn itself.
Your doctor might do one or more of the following:. This is due to the large inflammatory response from your body as it contends with the changes the burn has suddenly made to the affected area. Your major organs can also become susceptible to inflammation, including your heart.
As the burn heals, your doctor will be able to determine the overall extent of the damage to your body. Further medical treatments may be necessary for damaged joints and lost muscles.
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