Some sports officials, such as boxing referees, may work independently. Others, such as baseball or softball umpires, work in groups. Each official working in a group may have different responsibilities. For example, in baseball, one umpire is responsible for signaling balls and strikes while others are responsible for signaling fair and foul balls out in the field. Regardless of the sport, the job is highly stressful because officials often must make split-second rulings.
These rulings sometimes result in strong disagreement expressed by players, coaches, and spectators. Many umpires, referees, and other sports officials are employed primarily in other occupations and supplement their income by officiating part time. Umpires, referees, and other sports officials hold about 22, jobs.
The largest employers of umpires, referees, and other sports officials are as follows:. Umpires, referees, and other sports officials work indoors and outdoors. Those working outdoors will be exposed to all types of weather conditions.
Some officials must travel on long bus rides to sporting events. Others, especially officials in professional sports, travel by air. Because sports officials must observe play and often make split-second rulings, the work can be filled with pressure. Strong disagreements and criticism from athletes, coaches, and fans can result in additional stress. Umpires, referees, and other sports officials often work irregular hours, including evenings, weekends, and holidays.
Many work part time. Educational requirements vary by state and are sometimes determined by the local sports association. Training requirements also vary by state and the level and type of sport. Officiating sports requires extensive knowledge of the rules of the game. Each state and sport association has its own education requirements for umpires, referees, and other sports officials. Some states do not require formal education, while others require sports officials to have a high school diploma.
For more information on educational requirements by state, refer to the specific state athletic or activity association. Umpires, referees, and other sports officials may be required to attend training sessions and seminars before, during, and after the season. These sessions allow officials to learn about rule changes, review and evaluate their own performances, and improve their officiating. To officiate at high school athletic events, umpires, referees, and other officials must typically register with the state or local agency that oversees high school athletics.
They also typically need to pass an exam on the rules of the particular game. Some states and associations may require applicants to attend umpiring or refereeing classes before taking the exam or joining an association. Other associations require officials to attend annual training workshops before renewing their officiating license.
Make a plan to practise and follow it up regularly. Video review Record and review your performance so you can see what others see. Post-game review Have a basic questionnaire ready to hand out to players, coaches and spectators who you think might be able to give you honest and practical feedback.
Ask them to rate your performance from 1 to 10 using questions such as: How was my performance overall? How was my judgement and decision-making? How was my signalling and communication? Was I positioned on the field correctly? Were my decisions consistent? Did I handle conflict well? Did I handle external factors such as pitch conditions, weather and spectators well?
Please provide general comments on today's performance. Official's code of conduct I will: place the safety and welfare of players above all else show concern and caution towards sick and injured players be impartial, consistent, objective and courteous when making decisions accept responsibility for my actions and decisions condemn unsporting behaviour and promote respect for the individuality of players avoid any situations which may lead to or be construed as a conflict of interest be a positive role model in behaviour and personal appearance and ensure my comments are positive and supportive be a good sport as I understand that actions speak louder than words always respect, remain loyal to and support other officials keep up to date with the latest 'laws of the game', trends and principles of their application refrain from any form of personal abuse towards players or other officials respect the rights, dignity and worth of all people involved in the game regardless of their gender, ability or cultural background.
I will not: arrive at the venue intoxicated or drink alcohol at junior matches. Disciplinary procedures All NSOs in New Zealand and their members have an obligation to follow all of the policies, procedures and code of conduct of that sport. Seven simple steps to success Keep your perspective: Right now your most important goal is being a good official for whatever sport you are officiating. By studying, observing and practising you will improve, just as the players do when they practise.
Remember, it's a game for the players. Help them have fun. Prepare for the unexpected: Take time before each game to talk with your partners about responsibilities.
Meet at least 15 minutes before the start of your game and go over the local ground rules and any special interpretations or concerns that might exist concerning the teams involved. Don't leave any doubts unresolved with your partners. Remember, you're in charge: When dealing with coaches or parents who can't control themselves in front of the players, you do not have to 'take it' as much as officials at other levels.
There are ways to handle verbally abusive coaches, players and spectators. In fact, they can call off the match altogether, such as if there are serious issues with the crowd or the weather conditions. A fourth official is also involved from the touchline in professional matches and tournaments. The primary role of a 4th official is assisting with player substitutions and monitoring the equipment e. Note : The roles and responsibilities of a referee in football often involve overseeing any 'unruly' team managers as well.
Soccer Referee Sayings : The football officials dressed in black are having a good game when the fans don't notice their activities. A football referee rules and controls with full authority. The referee makes and calls decisions to the best of his or her ability.
They do so according to the Laws of the Game and the spirit of the game. Football referee decision making centers on the opinion of the referee. Their discretion results in appropriate action within the framework of football rules. All decisions made by the match referee in football are final. This includes whether a goal is legal as well as the end result of the match.
Note : The news section explains how association football introduced twelve new football rules including a change for drop ball situations. A football referee can stop, suspend, or abandon the match for any infringements of the laws.
They have the same powers to rule over an outside interference such as if:. The simple answer is yes! But, the referee rules in football only allow a change of decision during certain circumstances.
The referee may only change a decision on realising that it is incorrect or on the advice of another match official, provided play has not restarted or the referee has signalled the end of the first or second half including extra time and left the field of play or terminated the match. The referee cannot change his mind during the half time interval or after blowing the final whistle.
Note : What happens if a referee becomes incapacitated? Play may continue under the supervision of the other match officials until the ball goes out of play. Any equipment which is of hard substance casts, splints, guards and braces must be padded or foam covered and have no exposed sharp or cutting edge. All the face masks and eye or nose protectors must be approved by NBA Basketball Operations and conform to the contour of the face and have no sharp or protruding edges.
The use of any foreign substance during games is strictly prohibited. All equipment used must be appropriate for basketball. The officials must check the game balls to see that they are properly inflated. The crew chief shall be the official in charge. If a coach desires to discuss a rule or interpretation of a rule prior to the start of a game or between periods, it will be mandatory for the officials to ask the other coach to be present during the discussion.
The same procedure shall be followed if the officials wish to discuss a game situation with either coach. The designated official shall toss the ball at the start of the game. The crew chief shall decide whether or not a goal shall count if the officials disagree, and he shall decide matters upon which scorers and timers disagree.
All officials shall enter the court prior to the minute mark on the game clock to observe the warm-up period and report to the league office any atypical situations and to review scoring and timing procedures with table personnel.
The crew chief must check the Active List prior to the start of the game. Officials must meet with team captains prior to the start of the game. Officials must report any atypical or unique incident to the Basketball and Referee Operations Departments by e-mail. Section III—Elastic Power The officials shall have the power to make decisions on any point not specifically covered in the rules. Section IV—Different Decisions By Officials The crew chief shall have the authority to set aside or question decisions regarding a rule interpretation made by either of the other officials.
If two officials give conflicting signals as to who caused the ball to go out-of- bounds, they will conference and reconstruct the play in an attempt to make the correct call. If no resolution is reached, a jump ball will be signaled between the two players involved at the nearest circle. If the two players cannot be identified, the jump ball shall be administered at the center circle between any two opponents in the game. If one official signals and another official clearly knows the call is incorrect, they should conference and the calling official may change the call on the information given.
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