Play the same song for a fetus during pregnancy and you can expect your baby will exhibit a calmness and recognition of the same song after they are born. Make that song a lullaby and you may even get your baby to sleep easier. But one study funded by the National Science Foundation suggests that babies can learn, remember and respond before they are born.
Study participant moms-to-be read a nursery rhyme aloud over a period of several weeks. At 38 weeks, study participants exposed their fetus to a recording of the nursery rhyme by a female stranger. Despite having not heard the rhyme from their mother for a period of four weeks, fetal heart-rates slowed, indicating that the baby in the womb remembered the rhyme.
The fetuses who had not been exposed to the story before saw the opposite effect — increased heart rate indicating the rhyme was new and novel. Sign up for the Fatherly newsletter to get original articles and expert advice about parenting, fitness, gear, and more in your inbox every day. Please try again. Give us a little more information and we'll give you a lot more relevant content.
Your child's birthday or due date. Girl Boy Other Not Sure. Add A Child. Something went wrong. Please contact support fatherly. Noticing an occasional hiccup spell is nothing to be concerned about.
Still, pregnancy can sometimes be nerve-wracking. In rare cases, very frequent hiccuping every day or multiple times a day could be a sign of an umbilical cord compression or prolapse, a rare complication where the blood or oxygen supply slows down or gets cut off from the fetus. That goes for hiccups as well as things like kicks or jabs. First-time moms tend to notice the sensations around 20 weeks , while women who have been pregnant before may notice them sooner, around 16 weeks.
You might notice hiccups more easily as you get closer to your due date. The bigger your baby gets, the easier it is to see their movements and hiccups from the outside.
At some point, your whole belly might jerk or bounce when they hiccup. If it does, you should call your healthcare provider. That might get the baby to move around as well, which could help the hiccups end. No dice? In that case, patience is probably your best bet. Most cases of the hiccups will go away on their own within a few minutes. You can expect to feel them from time to time starting around the middle of your second trimester.
Your baby should give you a break after a few minutes. Finally, pay attention to hiccups that seem to suddenly get more frequent, especially toward the end of your pregnancy. These could be a sign of a dangerous complication. Weight gain and fluctuating hormones can lead to a looser….
Additional file 1: Table S1. All authors interpreted the results of the analyses. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Published online Nov Alexander E. Mitchell , 5 and Louise M. Edwin A. Louise M. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Heazell, Phone: , Email: ku. Corresponding author. Received Mar 17; Accepted Oct This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Abstract Background Stillbirth after 28 weeks gestation affects between 1. Results Women whose pregnancy ended in stillbirth were less likely to check fetal movements aOR 0. Conclusions Alterations in fetal activity are associated with increased risk of stillbirth.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article Keywords: Maternal perception, Fetal movement, Reduced fetal movement, Exaggerated fetal movement, Stillbirth. Background Fetal activity is a well-accepted marker of fetal wellbeing, such that maternal perception of changes in activity can indicate fetal compromise.
Methods This is part of a study which investigated potentially modifiable risk factors for stillbirth in an international population. Participants Participants were recruited to this study by web-based advertising, social media, and word of mouth between September and August Results In total, cases and controls completed the survey. Table 1 Demographic information and pregnancy characteristics of participants. Open in a separate window. Table 2 Maternal report of practices of monitoring fetal movements and their perception of fetal movements during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy.
No 79 No 70 Less than average movement 14 9. No 27 Stay the same 65 No 49 No 59 No 28 20 69 Less than 5 min 44 Once or twice throughout this pregnancy 12 Timed how long it took to get to 10 movements Control. General awareness 18 Count ten kicks, records time between kicks and overall time to get to ten kicks Control. One or two quiet days 0 0 42 I went in for a non-stress test and all checked out fine Control. Time of day Night time, morning, evening 20 Very Active 0 0 3 7.
I thought he was going to jump out a couple of times Case. I was reassured because I thought he had been slow and sluggish for the last couple of weeks Case.
Vigorous at night 14 More than usual. Then nothing more Case. The baby always seems to become most active when I lay down at night for bed Control. It was quite an unusual feeling Control. Discussion Main findings This study provides further evidence that stillbirth is associated with a change in fetal movements.
Strengths and limitations A strength of this international nested-case control study is the series of questions about fetal movements that has allowed exploration of patterns in fine detail in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of fetal movement in the weeks prior to a stillbirth or previous weeks of pregnancy for control women.
Interpretation While the relationship between reduced fetal movements and adverse pregnancy outcome has been described since the s [ 21 ], the impact of a single episode of excessive fetal movements is a relatively novel finding that has been rarely reported or investigated. Conclusions In summary, this study confirms that all pregnant women need to be educated that a reduction in fetal activity should be reported to their maternity care provider.
Acknowledgements This study received no specific funding. Funding This study received no specific funding. Additional file Additional file 1: Table S1. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Footnotes Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article References 1. Sadovsky E, Yaffe H. Daily fetal movement recording and fetal prognosis. Obstet Gynecol. Fetal movements and fetal outcome: a prospective study. Maternal perception of reduced fetal movements is associated with altered placental structure and function.
PLoS One. Placental pathology in pregnancies with maternally perceived decreased fetal movement--a population-based nested case-cohort study.
Maternal perception of fetal activity and late stillbirth risk: findings from the Auckland stillbirth study. An international internet survey of the experiences of 1, mothers with a late stillbirth: the STARS cohort study.
BMC pregnancy and childbirth. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology STROBE statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. Maternal age and risk of stillbirth: a systematic review. Fetal movements; factors affecting their perception. Reduced fetal movement: factors affecting maternal perception. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med.
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